Negative differential resistance behaviour in N-doped crossed graphene nanoribbons

By using first-principles calculations and nonequilibrium Green’s function technique, we study elastic transport properties of crossed graphene nanoribbons. The results show that the electronic transport properties of molecular junctions can be modulated by doped atoms. Negative differential resistance (NDR) behaviour can be observed in a certain bias region, when crossed graphene nanoribbons are doped with nitrogen atoms at the shoulder, but it cannot be observed for pristine crossed graphene nanoribbons at low biases. A mechanism for the negative differential resistance behaviour is suggested.     

铁电存储器中高能质子引发的单粒子功能中断效应实验研究

利用中国原子能科学研究院的中高能质子实验平台,针对两款商用铁电存储器开展了中高能质子单粒子效应实验研究,发现其中一款器件在质子辐照下发生了单粒子翻转和单粒子功能中断.本文主要针对单粒子功能中断效应展开了后续实验研究.首先通过改变质子能量对器件进行辐照,发现单粒子功能中断截面随质子能量的提高而增加.为进一步研究器件发生单粒子功能中断的机理,利用激光微束平台开展了辅助实验,对铁电存储器的单粒子功能中断效应的敏感区域进行了定位,最后发现铁电存储器单粒子功能中断是由器件外围电路发生的微锁定导致的.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Effects of Charge Density on the Bubble Characteristics Originating from the Combustion of Pyrotechnic Mixtures

The bubbling dynamic behavior and acoustic radiation characteristics originating from the combustion of pyrotechnic mixtures of KClO ₄/Mg-50 %Al alloy, and with different charge density such as 1500 kg/m ³, 1600 kg/m ³, 1700 kg/m ³ and 1800 kg/m ³, were studied by theoretical calculation and experiment. The experimental and numerical correlation results were in a good agreement with each other. Then, the bubbling dynamic behaviors were compared, the results revealed that with the increase of the charge density of each 100 kg/ m ³, the volume of the bubbles, the volume change acceleration and the sound pressure level average increased by 1.78 times, 2.28 times and 1.15 times respectively.     

微结构气体探测器中紫外激光束的信号和指向精度实验研究

在气体探测器研究中,利用266 nm紫外激光的双光子电离物理机制使气体电离产生可测量的信号,是一种重要的标定方法.随着微结构气体探测器(MPGD)的不断发展,用紫外激光标定来实现较高精度位置分辨率成为了一种研究需求,对此有两个关键技术问题需要解决:实验研究激光可测信号大小以及激光指向精度.分析和模拟计算了紫外光电离信号大小和激光调光误差,基于微结构气体电子倍增器探测器与266 nm波长激光束,在工作气体Ar/CO_2(70/30)中,测量了不同光斑面积与输出信号的关系;设计和研制了紫外激光调光系统,实验测量了紫外光调光偏差.模拟结果与实验结果对比分析表明:紫外激光束作用于气体探测器,探测器增益在5000,前放增益为10 mV/fC时, 6 mm读出条宽输出信号幅度约400 mV;在探测器内传播距离为400 mm时,较短时间内(10—20 min)实验调光指向精度可以保证小于5′,引入z向偏差最大可以达到0.33 mm,对应z向漂移速度的测量相对误差为6.4×10-4.该研究为MPGD与紫外激光标定实验设计提供主要的设计参考.     

Emerging Theory,Materials, and Screening Methods: New Opportunities for Promoting Thermoelectric Performance

High‐performance thermoelectric materials have attracted immense interest due to the capability of directly converting thermal energy into electrical energy. The correlation and inherent complexity between the thermoelectric parameters pose serious challenges to improving the materials’ thermoelectric performance. Herein, the emerging novel theories in the field of thermoelectrics are summarized, such as the coherent phonon, nanophononic metamaterial, rattling effect, topological phonon, and topological electron. The impacts of these new concepts on thermoelectric performance are then reviewed. Finally, a number of promising thermoelectric materials such as one‐dimensional nanowires, two‐dimensional layered materials, and nanomesh structures are discussed. The advanced understanding of thermal and electrical transport properties in thermoelectric materials is presented herein, providing new opportunities for improving thermoelectric performance.     

Preparation of TiO2-carbon surface composites with high photoactivity by supercritical pretreatment and sol-gel processing

TiO₂-carbon surface (TCS) composites were prepared by pretreatment of a sealing substrate in supercritical carbon dioxide using paraffin as a plugging agent, and sol-gel processing using tetrabutyl orthotitanate as a precursor. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), optical absorption spectroscopy and nitrogen absorption. The photoactivity of TCS was checked by monitoring the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The results indicated that compared with TC prepared only by the sol-gel method, the small nanosize TiO₂ particles are well dispersed on carbon surface with large amount of micropores and high Eg values, meanwhile TCS have high Ti³⁺ concentration due to supercritical pretreatment providing a amount of carbon on the composite surface with interfacial energy effects, which controls the growth of TiO₂ nanoparticles, baffles the agglomeration of TiO₂ nanoparticles and easily produces Ti³⁺ ions. These are reasons why TCS has a higher efficiency of decomposing MB than TiO₂-carbon (TC) composites and pure TiO₂. Additional, it is also attributed to the fact that TCS produce a high concentration of organic compounds near TiO₂ in comparison with TC and pure TiO₂, because their surface area are greater than that of TC and pure TiO₂.     

激光打靶数字延时信号完整性的研究

针对高速数字电路设计中遇到的信号完整性问题,本文给出了激光打靶装置中高速数字电路延时分配原理.根据传输线理论,提出端接迹线最大匹配长度值限定法,结合PCB设计,可避免端接失配反射.由电学理论,建模串扰的产生及消除串扰的端接方式.通过对噪声电流I和瞬态负载电流IL复合干扰分析,采取了相应的抑制方法.打靶实验表明,对保证延时信号的完整性是有效的.     

Radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator

We investigated the radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of low-wire-number cylindrical tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator with a peak current 0.8-1.1 MA and a rising time ～ 90 ns.The arrays are made up of(8-32)×5 μm wires 6/10 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height.The highest X-ray power obtained in the experiments was about 0.37 TW with the total radiation energy ～ 13 kJ and the energy conversion efficiency ～ 9%(24×5 μm wires,6 mm in diameter).Most of the X-ray emissions from tungsten Z-pinch plasmas were distributed in the spectral band of 100-600 eV,peaked at 250 and 375 eV.The dominant wavelengths of the wire ablation and the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability were found and analyzed through measuring the time-gated self-emission and laser interferometric images.Through analyzing the implosion trajectories obtained by an optical streak camera,the run-in velocities of the Z-pinch plasmas at the end of the implosion phase were determined to be about(1.3-2.1)×10 7 cm/s.     

基于苯乙烯腈结构的可逆力致变色化合物的合成及性能

合成了一种棒形的化合物4,4'-二(α-腈基-4-苯丙氧基苯乙烯)联苯(Ben-DCSB), 利用核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(EI-MS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和元素分析等对其进行了结构表征. 对Ben-DCSB重结晶粉末进行研磨后, 其发光颜色从蓝绿色变成黄绿色, 荧光量子效率(Φ_F)从初始的52.7%变为38.7%, 表明该化合物具有力致变色性质. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和荧光寿命等测试结果显示, 这种现象是由于在外界环境刺激下改变了Ben-DCSB在聚集态下的分子堆积结构所造成的. 研磨后的样品暴露在溶剂蒸气(乙醇、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃或丙酮)或100 ℃温度下放置2 min又能转换回初始状态的蓝绿色荧光, 表明化合物研磨后的样品具有气致和热致变色性能, 且展现出可逆变色性能. 对该化合物进行多次“力-溶剂蒸气刺激”和“力-热刺激”循环实验, 结果显示其具有很好的荧光可逆转换性能. 热分析结果显示化合物Ben-DCSB在194 ℃和212 ℃间存在向列相(纹影织构)的液晶态; 其热分解温度为362 ℃, 表明该化合物具有较好的热稳定性.     

电喷雾萃取电离质谱法用于掺假白酒的快速分析

采用自行研制的电喷雾萃取电离源(EESI)与LTQ-XL质谱仪耦合,并结合主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA),建立了一种能在无需样品预处理的条件下直接、快速、准确鉴别茅台等八种掺假白酒(混掺水和工业酒精,且通过酒精计调控掺假酒的酒精度与真酒保持一致)的新方法. 同时,利用串联质谱能够对目标组分进行准确鉴定. 研究结果表明,EESI-LTQ-MS检测单个样品的时间小于1 min,且重现性好,PCA区分正确率高达96.5%. 通过设置未知样分析进一步验证了该方法的可行性. 此外,还结合单光子电离飞行时间质谱法(SPI-TOF-MS)对检测谱图进行对比分析. 阐述了EESI和SPI两种电离技术在挥发性有机物分析上具有各自的优势,且两种检测手段具有互补的特点. 为市场上酒类饮品真假的快速鉴别及品质鉴定建立了一个综合的分析方法,对于快速筛选伪劣酒类产品具有非常重要的应用价值.